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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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00127_Text_ref29t.txt
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1996-12-31
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PICTORIAL INFORMATION
Finally, our dark-room
experiment eliminates the
kind of information that artists
have made use of at least since
the Renaissance. This includes
perspective, shadow, and the
partial covering (or occlusion)
of one object by another object
in front of it. Some
investigators would also
include the familiar sizes of
things as a cue to distance.
Collectively, this kind of depth
information is called pictorial,
because it is captured by
pictures, be they drawings,
paintings, or photographs.
Pictorial information depends
upon how the objects in a scene
and the surfaces upon which
they rest appear, rather than
on physiological mechanisms,
observer motion, or the use of
both eyes. Pictorial
information can be obtained by
a stationary observer using
only one eye, even if viewing
through an artificial pupil.
In considering this list of
potential distance and depth
cuesΓÇöΓÇôretinal disparity,
convergence of the eyes,
accommodation of the lens,
motion parallax, and pictorial
informationΓÇöΓÇômany questions
immediately arise. Is each of
these factors equally important
in perceiving the distance of a
thing from us or the depth
between different things? Are
there limits on the range of
effectiveness of these factors?
What is the origin of depth
perception? That every cue
except the pictorial ones would
have the potential of delivering
up an impression of distance
and depth by virtue of innate
mechanisms of mind seems
intuitively plausible. Are all
these cues innate and the
pictorial cues learned? In what
ways do the cues interact to
yield an impression of depth?
To prove that a given cue
can, by itself, yield an
impression of where an object
is in the third dimension, we
must isolate its effect from that
of all other cues. This can be
done by creating situations in
which all other cues are
eliminated, are held constant,
or work against the perception
of depth. Alternatively, we can
create situations in which no
factors are operating and
artifically create the one cue
whose effects we want to test.
Once we know the independent
effects of each cue, we can
explore how the perceptual
system might integrate
information from all the cues
to yield the impression of a
three-dimensional world that
we typically achieve.